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as we all know this morning we're

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as we all know this morning we're
 

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as we all know this morning we're
gathered here primarily for the purpose

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gathered here primarily for the purpose
 

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gathered here primarily for the purpose
of

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of
 

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of
the crew being briefed by the students

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the crew being briefed by the students
 

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the crew being briefed by the students
on the two experiments slated to fly on

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on the two experiments slated to fly on
 

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on the two experiments slated to fly on
sts-26

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sts-26
 

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sts-26
and here with us this morning is lord

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and here with us this morning is lord
 

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and here with us this morning is lord
bruce a student

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bruce a student
 

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bruce a student
and he's from

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and he's from
 

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and he's from
mcdonald or mcdonald douglas is

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mcdonald or mcdonald douglas is
 

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mcdonald or mcdonald douglas is
sponsoring him and he's from st louis

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sponsoring him and he's from st louis
 

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sponsoring him and he's from st louis
okay well basically the experiment is

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okay well basically the experiment is
 

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okay well basically the experiment is
very simple

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very simple
 

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very simple
um what we're trying to observe is the

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um what we're trying to observe is the
 

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um what we're trying to observe is the
effects of weightlessness

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effects of weightlessness
 

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effects of weightlessness
on the grain formation and molecular

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on the grain formation and molecular
 

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on the grain formation and molecular
uh reorganization

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uh reorganization
 

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uh reorganization
of the titanium

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of the titanium
 

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of the titanium
filaments there

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filaments there
 

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filaments there
um

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the experiment itself is uh again i say

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the experiment itself is uh again i say
 

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the experiment itself is uh again i say
it's very simple what the

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it's very simple what the
 

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it's very simple what the
astronauts will be doing is

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astronauts will be doing is
 

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astronauts will be doing is
they'll observe for any

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they'll observe for any
 

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they'll observe for any
discrepancies such as a broken tube or

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discrepancies such as a broken tube or
 

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discrepancies such as a broken tube or
loose wiring or anything like that

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loose wiring or anything like that
 

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loose wiring or anything like that
and

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and
 

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and
flip up the master switch control

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activate it and you'll see uh the light

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activate it and you'll see uh the light
 

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activate it and you'll see uh the light
goes on

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goes on
 

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goes on
this will

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this will
 

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this will
confirm the continuity of the circuit

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confirm the continuity of the circuit
 

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confirm the continuity of the circuit
and what you'll do is

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and what you'll do is
 

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and what you'll do is
flick the master switch and

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you'll hit the master switch and

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you'll hit the master switch and
 

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you'll hit the master switch and
complete the circuit and if you observe

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complete the circuit and if you observe
 

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complete the circuit and if you observe
the wire there it will deform

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and you will maintain this for

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and you will maintain this for
 

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and you will maintain this for
approximately

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approximately
 

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approximately
20 seconds and that will raise the

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20 seconds and that will raise the
 

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20 seconds and that will raise the
temperature of the of the wire up to 882

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temperature of the of the wire up to 882
 

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temperature of the of the wire up to 882
degrees centigrade

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degrees centigrade
 

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degrees centigrade
okay so we just need to get it above

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okay so we just need to get it above
 

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okay so we just need to get it above
800 and right whatever that is

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800 and right whatever that is
 

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800 and right whatever that is
that's where the wires are the length

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that's where the wires are the length
 

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that's where the wires are the length
they are they were calculated to carry

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they are they were calculated to carry
 

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they are they were calculated to carry
the current and create that

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the current and create that
 

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the current and create that
temperature

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temperature
 

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temperature
okay

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okay
 

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okay
and basically that's it

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and basically that's it
 

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and basically that's it
again i'd like to thank all the

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again i'd like to thank all the
 

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again i'd like to thank all the
mcdonald douglas and nasa personnel for

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mcdonald douglas and nasa personnel for
 

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mcdonald douglas and nasa personnel for
all the support they've given me

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all the support they've given me
 

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all the support they've given me
and

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and
 

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and
just to say to

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just to say to
 

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just to say to
if this goes out to any students to

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if this goes out to any students to
 

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if this goes out to any students to
try and get involved in it and it's not

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try and get involved in it and it's not
 

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try and get involved in it and it's not
too hard to make them an experiment and

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too hard to make them an experiment and
 

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too hard to make them an experiment and
it's really fun and interesting and you

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it's really fun and interesting and you
 

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it's really fun and interesting and you
meet a lot of people

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meet a lot of people
 

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meet a lot of people
well let me say something to you why you

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well let me say something to you why you
 

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well let me say something to you why you
know this

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know this
 

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know this
this isn't going to be free for you

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this isn't going to be free for you
 

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this isn't going to be free for you
either we

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either we
 

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either we
you know

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you know
 

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you know
in the astronaut office we enjoy doing

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in the astronaut office we enjoy doing
 

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in the astronaut office we enjoy doing
this type of experiment because

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not because a lot of the times it's a

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not because a lot of the times it's a
 

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not because a lot of the times it's a
nobel prize winning type science but but

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nobel prize winning type science but but
 

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nobel prize winning type science but but
mostly because it involves young people

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mostly because it involves young people
 

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mostly because it involves young people
like yourself getting involved very

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like yourself getting involved very
 

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like yourself getting involved very
early in the space program and getting a

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early in the space program and getting a
 

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early in the space program and getting a
chance to

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chance to
 

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chance to
to work uh in the system and and getting

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to work uh in the system and and getting
 

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to work uh in the system and and getting
us a chance to work with folks like you

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us a chance to work with folks like you
 

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us a chance to work with folks like you
and we're always impressed with the

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and we're always impressed with the
 

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and we're always impressed with the
with the caliber of students that we get

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with the caliber of students that we get
 

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with the caliber of students that we get
to work with but we also want you to

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to work with but we also want you to
 

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to work with but we also want you to
understand that you have a

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understand that you have a
 

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understand that you have a
responsibility now to

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responsibility now to
 

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responsibility now to
go back just like you said i like the

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go back just like you said i like the
 

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go back just like you said i like the
works that you use

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works that you use
 

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works that you use
to share your enthusiasm with the rest

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to share your enthusiasm with the rest
 

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to share your enthusiasm with the rest
of your students and your

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of your students and your
 

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of your students and your
faculty and people you work with to

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faculty and people you work with to
 

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faculty and people you work with to
try and uh interest more

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try and uh interest more
 

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try and uh interest more
young bright students to get involved in

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young bright students to get involved in
 

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young bright students to get involved in
the in this program because we need all

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the in this program because we need all
 

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the in this program because we need all
the good folks we can get all right we

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the good folks we can get all right we
 

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the good folks we can get all right we
appreciate all the work you're doing too

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appreciate all the work you're doing too
 

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appreciate all the work you're doing too
thank you

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thank you
 

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thank you
charlie here will represent our student

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charlie here will represent our student
 

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charlie here will represent our student
who unfortunately cannot be here

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who unfortunately cannot be here
 

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who unfortunately cannot be here
as john indicated the

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as john indicated the
 

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as john indicated the
purpose is to

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purpose is to
 

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purpose is to
try to grow crystals in this case of

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try to grow crystals in this case of
 

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try to grow crystals in this case of
lead iodide

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lead iodide
 

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lead iodide
along a

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along a
 

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along a
membrane

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membrane
 

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membrane
which will be mounted

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which will be mounted
 

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which will be mounted
at the

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at the
 

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at the
edge where the

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edge where the
 

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edge where the
inner o ring is

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inner o ring is
 

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inner o ring is
on that middle bulkhead

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on that middle bulkhead
 

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on that middle bulkhead
the membrane is actually a copolymer of

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the membrane is actually a copolymer of
 

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the membrane is actually a copolymer of
polyethylene and polypropylene

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polyethylene and polypropylene
 

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polyethylene and polypropylene
and it's simply there as a kind of a an

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00:04:18,789 --> 00:04:18,799
and it's simply there as a kind of a an
 

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and it's simply there as a kind of a an
orienter on which crystals can grow

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00:04:21,749 --> 00:04:21,759
orienter on which crystals can grow
 

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00:04:21,759 --> 00:04:23,350
orienter on which crystals can grow
otherwise they would just grow

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00:04:23,350 --> 00:04:23,360
otherwise they would just grow
 

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00:04:23,360 --> 00:04:26,070
otherwise they would just grow
throughout the solution and probably not

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00:04:26,070 --> 00:04:26,080
throughout the solution and probably not
 

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throughout the solution and probably not
get to any significant size and we're

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get to any significant size and we're
 

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get to any significant size and we're
hoping to orient the growth on that

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hoping to orient the growth on that
 

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hoping to orient the growth on that
membrane

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membrane
 

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membrane
specifically

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specifically
 

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specifically
it's an apparatus then with four

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it's an apparatus then with four
 

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it's an apparatus then with four
chambers

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chambers
 

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chambers
membrane in the center deionized water

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membrane in the center deionized water
 

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membrane in the center deionized water
in these two inner chambers

236
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in these two inner chambers
 

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in these two inner chambers
two valves

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two valves
 

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00:04:45,040 --> 00:04:46,469
two valves
and then the

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and then the
 

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and then the
silver end will contain a lead acetate

242
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silver end will contain a lead acetate
 

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silver end will contain a lead acetate
solution primarily the source of lead

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solution primarily the source of lead
 

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solution primarily the source of lead
ion lead to plus ion and the right hand

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ion lead to plus ion and the right hand
 

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ion lead to plus ion and the right hand
compartment is you see it the blue

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compartment is you see it the blue
 

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compartment is you see it the blue
handle end if you like will contain

250
00:05:00,310 --> 00:05:00,320
handle end if you like will contain
 

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handle end if you like will contain
a potassium iodide solution source of

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a potassium iodide solution source of
 

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a potassium iodide solution source of
the iodide ions

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the iodide ions
 

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00:05:05,680 --> 00:05:08,230
the iodide ions
just before the 51 l flight rich was off

256
00:05:08,230 --> 00:05:08,240
just before the 51 l flight rich was off
 

257
00:05:08,240 --> 00:05:10,790
just before the 51 l flight rich was off
on an internship in new york city

258
00:05:10,790 --> 00:05:10,800
on an internship in new york city
 

259
00:05:10,800 --> 00:05:13,110
on an internship in new york city
at the time they needed to be loaded

260
00:05:13,110 --> 00:05:13,120
at the time they needed to be loaded
 

261
00:05:13,120 --> 00:05:14,710
at the time they needed to be loaded
and now

262
00:05:14,710 --> 00:05:14,720
and now
 

263
00:05:14,720 --> 00:05:17,110
and now
he's being in medical school

264
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he's being in medical school
 

265
00:05:17,120 --> 00:05:19,830
he's being in medical school
i've tried to supervise the construction

266
00:05:19,830 --> 00:05:19,840
i've tried to supervise the construction
 

267
00:05:19,840 --> 00:05:21,590
i've tried to supervise the construction
of the apparatus and

268
00:05:21,590 --> 00:05:21,600
of the apparatus and
 

269
00:05:21,600 --> 00:05:23,990
of the apparatus and
he tells me when i'm wrong and things of

270
00:05:23,990 --> 00:05:24,000
he tells me when i'm wrong and things of
 

271
00:05:24,000 --> 00:05:26,710
he tells me when i'm wrong and things of
that sort

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00:05:26,710 --> 00:05:26,720

 

273
00:05:26,720 --> 00:05:28,790

i guess that outlines it

274
00:05:28,790 --> 00:05:28,800
i guess that outlines it
 

275
00:05:28,800 --> 00:05:31,510
i guess that outlines it
for you

276
00:05:31,510 --> 00:05:31,520

 

277
00:05:31,520 --> 00:05:33,350

are these crystals any

278
00:05:33,350 --> 00:05:33,360
are these crystals any
 

279
00:05:33,360 --> 00:05:35,110
are these crystals any
color are they clear they are a fairly

280
00:05:35,110 --> 00:05:35,120
color are they clear they are a fairly
 

281
00:05:35,120 --> 00:05:36,870
color are they clear they are a fairly
bright yellow color yes they'll be

282
00:05:36,870 --> 00:05:36,880
bright yellow color yes they'll be
 

283
00:05:36,880 --> 00:05:38,950
bright yellow color yes they'll be
easily distinguishable to

284
00:05:38,950 --> 00:05:38,960
easily distinguishable to
 

285
00:05:38,960 --> 00:05:41,110
easily distinguishable to
in their formation yeah thanks a lot

286
00:05:41,110 --> 00:05:41,120
in their formation yeah thanks a lot
 

287
00:05:41,120 --> 00:05:42,150
in their formation yeah thanks a lot
sure

288
00:05:42,150 --> 00:05:42,160
sure
 

289
00:05:42,160 --> 00:05:48,790
sure
don't forget this gun for a long time

290
00:05:48,790 --> 00:05:48,800

 

291
00:05:48,800 --> 00:06:02,150

we'll get this done soon anymore

292
00:06:02,150 --> 00:06:02,160

 

293
00:06:02,160 --> 00:06:05,110

what has changed is they've got larger

294
00:06:05,110 --> 00:06:05,120
what has changed is they've got larger
 

295
00:06:05,120 --> 00:06:08,230
what has changed is they've got larger
pure silver bromide crystals in that gel

296
00:06:08,230 --> 00:06:08,240
pure silver bromide crystals in that gel
 

297
00:06:08,240 --> 00:06:09,830
pure silver bromide crystals in that gel
and that's how they increase their film

298
00:06:09,830 --> 00:06:09,840
and that's how they increase their film
 

299
00:06:09,840 --> 00:06:13,029
and that's how they increase their film
sensitivity how they grew them i cannot

300
00:06:13,029 --> 00:06:13,039
sensitivity how they grew them i cannot
 

301
00:06:13,039 --> 00:06:14,790
sensitivity how they grew them i cannot
for one find out

302
00:06:14,790 --> 00:06:14,800
for one find out
 

303
00:06:14,800 --> 00:06:17,029
for one find out
but that's that's what happened now

304
00:06:17,029 --> 00:06:17,039
but that's that's what happened now
 

305
00:06:17,039 --> 00:06:19,110
but that's that's what happened now
we're playing that same game not with

306
00:06:19,110 --> 00:06:19,120
we're playing that same game not with
 

307
00:06:19,120 --> 00:06:22,150
we're playing that same game not with
visible film but with x-ray or gamma-ray

308
00:06:22,150 --> 00:06:22,160
visible film but with x-ray or gamma-ray
 

309
00:06:22,160 --> 00:06:23,430
visible film but with x-ray or gamma-ray
film

310
00:06:23,430 --> 00:06:23,440
film
 

311
00:06:23,440 --> 00:06:25,270
film
san francisco that is those elements

312
00:06:25,270 --> 00:06:25,280
san francisco that is those elements
 

313
00:06:25,280 --> 00:06:27,029
san francisco that is those elements
that are near the bottom of the human's

314
00:06:27,029 --> 00:06:27,039
that are near the bottom of the human's
 

315
00:06:27,039 --> 00:06:29,270
that are near the bottom of the human's
periodic table if that means anything to

316
00:06:29,270 --> 00:06:29,280
periodic table if that means anything to
 

317
00:06:29,280 --> 00:06:31,430
periodic table if that means anything to
you

318
00:06:31,430 --> 00:06:31,440
you
 

319
00:06:31,440 --> 00:06:33,430
you
and this should actually be so that's

320
00:06:33,430 --> 00:06:33,440
and this should actually be so that's
 

321
00:06:33,440 --> 00:06:35,029
and this should actually be so that's
the first thing pick an element near the

322
00:06:35,029 --> 00:06:35,039
the first thing pick an element near the
 

323
00:06:35,039 --> 00:06:36,629
the first thing pick an element near the
bottom of the periodic table both of

324
00:06:36,629 --> 00:06:36,639
bottom of the periodic table both of
 

325
00:06:36,639 --> 00:06:39,029
bottom of the periodic table both of
which is lead and mercury are

326
00:06:39,029 --> 00:06:39,039
which is lead and mercury are
 

327
00:06:39,039 --> 00:06:41,430
which is lead and mercury are
don't pick boron or carbon or something

328
00:06:41,430 --> 00:06:41,440
don't pick boron or carbon or something
 

329
00:06:41,440 --> 00:06:43,430
don't pick boron or carbon or something
up near the top of the table all right

330
00:06:43,430 --> 00:06:43,440
up near the top of the table all right
 

331
00:06:43,440 --> 00:06:44,870
up near the top of the table all right
that's a gross

332
00:06:44,870 --> 00:06:44,880
that's a gross
 

333
00:06:44,880 --> 00:06:45,909
that's a gross
judgment

334
00:06:45,909 --> 00:06:45,919
judgment
 

335
00:06:45,919 --> 00:06:48,390
judgment
now once having done that you can you

336
00:06:48,390 --> 00:06:48,400
now once having done that you can you
 

337
00:06:48,400 --> 00:06:50,309
now once having done that you can you
can pick those ones at the bottom and

338
00:06:50,309 --> 00:06:50,319
can pick those ones at the bottom and
 

339
00:06:50,319 --> 00:06:52,469
can pick those ones at the bottom and
some are a little bit more efficient at

340
00:06:52,469 --> 00:06:52,479
some are a little bit more efficient at
 

341
00:06:52,479 --> 00:06:56,560
some are a little bit more efficient at
diffracting x-rays than